1. What is Phase Angle in AC Circuit?

The phase angle (φ) in an AC circuit represents the phase difference between voltage and current. It indicates whether the circuit is predominantly inductive (positive angle) or capacitive (negative angle), and determines the power factor of the circuit.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the phase angle formula:

Where:

• \( φ \) — Phase angle in degrees
• \( X_L \) — Inductive reactance (Ω)
• \( X_C \) — Capacitive reactance (Ω)
• \( R \) — Resistance (Ω)

Explanation: The formula calculates the angle whose tangent equals the ratio of net reactance to resistance in the circuit.

3. Importance of Phase Angle Calculation

Details: Phase angle is crucial for understanding power factor, reactive power, and the overall behavior of AC circuits. It helps in designing efficient electrical systems and optimizing power delivery.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter inductive reactance (X_L), capacitive reactance (X_C), and resistance (R) in ohms. All values must be valid (resistance > 0).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does a positive phase angle indicate?
A: A positive phase angle indicates the circuit is predominantly inductive, meaning current lags behind voltage.

Q2: What does a negative phase angle indicate?
A: A negative phase angle indicates the circuit is predominantly capacitive, meaning current leads voltage.

Q3: What is the range of possible phase angles?
A: Phase angles range from -90° to +90°, representing purely capacitive to purely inductive circuits respectively.

Q4: How does phase angle relate to power factor?
A: Power factor = cos(φ), where φ is the phase angle. A phase angle of 0° gives unity power factor (most efficient).

Q5: When is phase angle zero?
A: Phase angle is zero when X_L = X_C (resonance condition), making the circuit purely resistive.