Pediatric IV Fluid Calculator

Holliday-Segar Method:

\[ Maintenance\ Rate = 4\ mL/kg/h\ (first\ 10kg) + 2\ mL/kg/h\ (next\ 10kg) + 1\ mL/kg/h\ (rest) \]

Maintenance Rate (mL/h):

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1. What is Pediatric IV Fluid Maintenance?

Pediatric IV fluid maintenance refers to the calculation of appropriate intravenous fluid rates for children to maintain proper hydration and electrolyte balance. The Holliday-Segar method is the most commonly used formula for this purpose.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Holliday-Segar method:

\[ Maintenance\ Rate = 4\ mL/kg/h\ (first\ 10kg) + 2\ mL/kg/h\ (next\ 10kg) + 1\ mL/kg/h\ (rest) \]

Where:

\( 4\ mL/kg/h \) — For the first 10 kg of body weight
\( 2\ mL/kg/h \) — For the next 10 kg (11-20 kg)
\( 1\ mL/kg/h \) — For each additional kg above 20 kg

Explanation: This method accounts for the higher metabolic rate and fluid requirements per body weight in smaller children compared to larger children and adults.

3. Importance of Proper Fluid Calculation

Details: Accurate fluid calculation is crucial in pediatric patients to prevent both dehydration and fluid overload. Children are particularly vulnerable to fluid and electrolyte imbalances due to their higher body water content and immature renal function.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the child's weight in kilograms. The calculator will automatically compute the appropriate hourly maintenance fluid rate. Always verify calculations and consider clinical context.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: When should maintenance fluids be adjusted?
A: Adjustments may be needed for fever, dehydration, renal impairment, cardiac conditions, or specific surgical situations.

Q2: What type of fluid is typically used for maintenance?
A: Isotonic solutions like 0.9% saline or balanced crystalloids are commonly used, with adjustments based on electrolyte needs.

Q3: How does this differ from adult fluid calculations?
A: Pediatric calculations are weight-based and use different formulas to account for developmental differences in metabolism and renal function.

Q4: Are there limitations to the Holliday-Segar method?
A: This method may overestimate needs in obese children or those with specific medical conditions. Clinical judgment is essential.

Q5: How often should fluid rates be reassessed?
A: Fluid requirements should be reassessed at least every 24 hours and whenever there are significant changes in clinical status.