1. What is Demand Load?

Demand Load represents the actual electrical power consumption of a system or facility, calculated by multiplying the connected load by the demand factor. It reflects the maximum power demand expected during normal operation.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the demand load formula:

Where:

• \( \text{Connected Load} \) — Total connected electrical load in watts (W)
• \( \text{Demand Factor} \) — Ratio of maximum demand to connected load, expressed as percentage (%)
• \( \text{Demand Load} \) — Actual power demand in watts (W)

Explanation: The demand factor accounts for the fact that not all connected equipment operates simultaneously at full capacity, providing a more realistic estimate of actual power requirements.

3. Importance of Demand Load Calculation

Details: Accurate demand load calculation is essential for proper electrical system design, circuit breaker sizing, transformer selection, and ensuring electrical safety and efficiency in residential, commercial, and industrial applications.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter connected load in watts and demand factor as a percentage (0-100%). Ensure values are positive and demand factor does not exceed 100%.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between connected load and demand load?
A: Connected load is the sum of all equipment ratings, while demand load is the actual maximum power consumption considering diversity and usage patterns.

Q2: How do I determine the demand factor?
A: Demand factor is typically determined based on the type of facility, equipment diversity, and usage patterns. Electrical codes and engineering standards provide typical values.

Q3: What are typical demand factor values?
A: Demand factors vary widely: residential (40-70%), commercial (50-80%), industrial (60-90%) depending on the specific application and equipment mix.

Q4: Why is demand load important for electrical design?
A: It ensures proper sizing of conductors, protection devices, transformers, and other electrical components, preventing overloads and ensuring system reliability.

Q5: Can demand factor be greater than 100%?
A: No, demand factor cannot exceed 100% as it represents the ratio of maximum demand to connected load. Values above 100% would indicate impossible scenarios.