1. What is Elastic Modulus?

Elastic Modulus (Young's Modulus) is a measure of the stiffness of a material. It defines the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation) in a material in the linear elasticity regime of a uniaxial deformation.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the elastic modulus formula:

Where:

• \( E \) — Elastic Modulus (Pa)
• \( \sigma \) — Stress (Pa)
• \( \varepsilon \) — Strain (dimensionless)

Explanation: The formula represents the ratio of stress to strain, indicating how much a material will deform under a given load.

3. Importance of Elastic Modulus Calculation

Details: Elastic modulus is crucial for material selection in engineering applications, structural design, and predicting material behavior under load. It helps determine whether a material is suitable for specific applications based on its stiffness properties.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter stress in Pascals (Pa) and strain as a dimensionless value. Both values must be positive numbers. Strain is typically a small decimal value (e.g., 0.001 for 0.1% deformation).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the difference between elastic modulus and stiffness?
A: Elastic modulus is a material property, while stiffness depends on both the material's elastic modulus and the geometry of the object.

Q2: What are typical elastic modulus values for common materials?
A: Steel: ~200 GPa, Aluminum: ~70 GPa, Concrete: ~30 GPa, Wood: ~10 GPa, Rubber: ~0.01-0.1 GPa.

Q3: When is the elastic modulus formula valid?
A: The formula is valid only in the elastic region where the material returns to its original shape after the load is removed.

Q4: How does temperature affect elastic modulus?
A: Generally, elastic modulus decreases with increasing temperature as materials become less stiff when heated.

Q5: Can elastic modulus be negative?
A: No, elastic modulus is always positive as it represents the ratio of two positive quantities (stress and strain in tension).